Index	Nitrogen (Units/ac)	Phosphorus (Units/ac)	Potassium (Units/ac)	Sulphur (Units/ac)
1	144	56	200
2	112	40	180
3	88	32	152
4	60	16	96

1. N rates shown above refer to application rates of available fertilizer. Chemical fertilizer rates should be calculated by deducting the available N contained in organic fertilizer applications from the rates shown in the above table.
2. See accordian below for information on Soil N Index.
3. The Phosphorus fertilization rates for soils which have more than 20% organic matter shall not exceed the amounts permitted for Index 3 soils.
4. P rates shown above refer to recommended application rates of available fertilizer.
5. Chemical fertilizer rates should be calculated by deducting the P contained in organic fertilizer applications from the rates shown in the above table.

Index	Nitrogen (kg/ha)	Phosphorus (kg/ha)	Potassium (kg/ha)	Sulphur (kg/ha)
1	180	70	250
2	140	50	225
3	110	40	190
4	75	20	120

1.  

   1. N rates shown above refer to application rates of available fertilizer. Chemical fertilizer rates should be calculated by deducting the available N contained in organic fertilizer applications from the rates shown in the above table.
   2. See accordian below for information on Soil N Index.
   3. The Phosphorus fertilization rates for soils which have more than 20% organic matter shall not exceed the amounts permitted for Index 3 soils.
   4. P rates shown above refer to recommended application rates of available fertilizer.
   5. Chemical fertilizer rates should be calculated by deducting the P contained in organic fertilizer applications from the rates shown in the above table.

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1. Assuming no organic manures are supplied
2. Assuming Nitrogen Index = 1

There is, as yet, no satisfactory Irish laboratory test for N in soils at farm level.

1. Nutrient N advice for grassland systems (grazing and conservation) depends mainly on land use and farming system, and particularly on the stocking rate.
2. For crops requiring cultivation, the available soil N can be deduced from the previous cropping and manurial history, and the type of soil. Thus, N fertilizer advice is determined by the soil N supply status. This depends in turn on the previous cropping history.

The supply status is categorised into an Index system for grass establishment and tillage crops.

N Index for tillage crops that follow short leys or tillage

N Index for pasture establishment or tillage crops that follow long leys or permanent pasture

1. The optimum soil pH for Maize is 6.5.
2. Where lime
   recommendations advise are in excess of 7.5 t/ha, it is good practice to apply the lime over a 3-year period. This helps avoid too much lime applied at any one time which can lead to boron and manganese
   deficiencies.
3. Check out the Fertilizer Association of Ireland technical bulletin for more information on Liming

1. Maize is very sensitive to Zn deficiency during May and June.
2. Foliar applications of zinc will normally be made after the 3-8 leaf stage.
3. Repeat
   applications may be required if the deficiency is severe.
4. Goulding Soil Nutrition offer Wolf Trax Zinc DDP as an option to be coated onto fertilisers. Coating fertilisers with Zinc allows for earlier intervention (seedbed) when zinc deficiency is a known issue.
5. Find out more about Zinc.

1. A magnesium deficiency maybe observed on light sandy soils during dry / cold periods.
2. Mg is advisable if soil Mg is less than about 50 mg/l (Index 1 & 2).
3. On such soils, use magnesium limestone when liming is necessary.
4. Where there is no lime requirement, Mg should be supplied with Mg-containing fertilizers.
5. Magnesium deficiency symptoms
   can be transitory in nature, often occurring early in the season when root growth is restricted
   but disappearing again as root growth resumes.
6. Goulding Soil Nutrition offer Wolf Trax Magnesium DDP as an option to be coated onto fertilisers, Kieserite, a Mg + S fertiliser and Polysuphate (K, Mg, S, Ca) as options to treat Mg deficiencies. Including Magnesium in your fertilisers allows for earlier intervention (seedbed) when magnesium deficiency is a known issue.
7. Magnesium sulphate (epsom salts) is widely used to correct Mg deficiency and
   comes with the benefit of additional small quantity of S.
8. Find out more about Magnesium

1. Manganese deficiency often occurs in maize, especially at high pH for example if maize
   follows heavy lime applications in a rotation.
2. Yield responses are expected in maize growing in soils of pH 7 or more when the easily reducible Mn level falls below 50 mg/l.
3. Leaf analysis is more reliable than soil analysis for diagnosis of possible Mn deficiencies.
4. A deficient plant is recognised byinterveinal chlorosis (yellowing between the veins of the leaves), whilst the veins themselves remain dark green.
5. Goulding Soil Nutrition offer Wolf Trax Manganese DDP as an option to be coated onto fertilisers. Coating fertilisers with Manganese allows for earlier intervention (seedbed) when manganese deficiency is a known issue.
6. Find out more about Manganese.